【聯合報╱By ROBERT ITO╱陳世欽譯】
（編按：中譯詳見後半段）
摺紙術撇步網上大公開
Secrets of Origami Revealed Online
PASADENA, California — Robert J. Lang is one of the world’s foremost masters of origami. A former laser physicist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mr. Lang left his job at a fiber-optics company 13 years ago to devote his life to folding paper. Dozens of his lifelike creations — a peregrine falcon, an emperor scorpion and a bull moose, for example — are on display at the Art Center College of Design until August 20 .
The complex pieces require days of work and hundreds to thousands of folds. Viewers spend as much time enjoying their beauty as they do marveling at just how these animal figures were made, without cuts or glue, from a single sheet of paper.
For centuries, lovers of origami had to consult books to uncover its secrets. Increasingly, though, experts and novices alike are learning about origami through online films and videos.
There are animated shorts and commercials, like one Mr. Lang did for Mitsubishi, in which an S.U.V. rolls through a forest and a city made of origami .
Ms. Adams started posting her instructional videos in 2007, and now her online following spans the United States and Germany as well as Brazil, Japan and Russia.
Her models range from a simple snowflake to Mr. Lang’s 1994 “Scorpion, opus 228,” so time-consuming that Ms. Adams divided the tutorial into seven videos.
Online tutorials teach in ways that origami books never could. Creators of these videos have their own fan bases, with their most popular lessons drawing millions of You- Tube hits.
“The advantage is that you can show the continuous action from one step to the next,” Mr. Lang said. “In book instructions, each diagram gives you a snapshot, and you have to infer the action between these snapshots. Now that we have video, you can see the action. You can slow things down and move back and forth between folds.”
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Even the most explicit directions aren’t much help without the patience and dexterity to follow them. An extreme case is Sipho Mabona’s life-size “White Elephant,” fashioned from a single, 100-kilogram square of handmade paper . The piece took him about a month to fold, even with the help of a dozen or so assistants. “You have to coordinate them just as if you were coordinating your own fingers,” Mr. Mabona said .
The undertaking may be the most filmed origami project to date. Little about the project was easy. Some folds — like “dry tension locks,” in which the paper’s natural tension is used to create curved surfaces — are difficult even when the sheet of paper isn’t, say, 1 4 meters long.
“A lot of people said: Maybe you shouldn’t show it, because it takes away from the magical aspects of it,” Mr. Mabona said .
“It’s one square of paper, and now it’s this. How is it possible? But the most important idea of the transformation is that anything is possible, and I wanted people to be able to witness that.”
中譯
朗恩是舉世最頂尖的摺紙大師之一。他曾經是美國太空總署噴射推進實驗室的雷射物理學家，13年前辭去一家光纖公司的工作，全心投入摺紙。他數十件栩栩如生的作品，例如游隼、帝王蝎與公麋，正在加州帕沙迪那的藝術中心設計學院展出，展到8月20日。
這些複雜的作品耗費多日、經數十萬次摺疊才能完成。欣賞的民眾以一半的時間欣賞它們的美，一半的時間讚嘆這些動物竟能不用任何裁剪或膠水，以一張紙摺成。
數百年來，摺紙愛好者必須參考專書才能發現其中奧秘。如今，專家與初學者開始透過網路影片或錄影節目學習。
其中包括動畫短片與商業廣告，例如朗恩為三菱汽車製作的一段。在這段影片中，一輛休旅車通過以摺紙製作的森林與城市。也有數十部曠時攝影短片，例如慕尼黑摺紙藝術家莎拉‧亞當斯製作的「比例摺紙」，把超過14個小時的摺疊過程濃縮為一分鐘。
亞當斯2007年開始把她的教學影片擺上網路，目前粉絲遍及美國、德國、巴西、日本與俄羅斯。
她的模型包括簡單的雪花與朗恩的「歇子，作品228」。後者由於很花時間，她把指導過程分成七段影片。
書籍永遠做不到網路上的指導方式。這些錄影畫面的製作者擁有自己的粉絲團，最受歡迎的課程往往在YouTube上吸引網友數百萬次點擊。
朗恩說：「好處是，你可以一步接一步連續示範所有的摺疊動作。至於書籍，每一個圖解會給你一個獨立印象，你必須在這些獨立印象之間推斷動作。有了影片，你就可以看清每一個動作，可以在摺疊動作之間放慢速度及來回。」
然而少了耐心與靈巧，再詳盡的指導幫助也不大。一個極端的例子是瑞士摺紙藝術家馬波納的實體大小作品「白象」。它以一張重100公斤的手工製紙摺成。雖有十數名助手，他還是花了大約一個月才完成這件作品。他說：「你必須協調他們，就像協調自己的手指。」
這可能是目前為止，拍攝次數最多的摺紙計畫。全部過程都不簡單。有些摺疊動作，例如利用紙的自然張力創造曲線表面的「乾張力固定」本身就很難，更別說紙張有14公尺長了。
馬波納說：「許多人說，『也許你不應該展示它，因為它的神奇面會因此消失』。它原是一紙張，現在是這個樣子。怎麼可能辦得到？然而轉變的最重要觀念是，任何事情都有可能，而我希望人們可以目睹這一點。」
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